Animal Rights (Tom Regan etc) free essay sample

Basic entitlements is an exceptionally disputable issue with a wide range of gatherings of individuals with varying feelings that need their voices on this issue heard. A considerable lot of these gatherings accept that creatures have inborn esteem and merit rights, and most of individuals accept this also, however precisely which rights do they merit. It is just fine to state you are a supporter for basic entitlements, anyway the main problem here is actually what rights would they say they are qualified for? I will assess Tom Regans perspective on basic entitlements that he sets out in The Case for Animal Rights (1992), in which he requires a conclusion to the utilization of creatures in logical investigations and business horticulture, and sets out what he accepts creatures are qualified for. I will likewise be looking at contradicting contentions from Carl Cohen (1986), who is especially on the furthest edge of the range, and accepts that creatures merit no rights at all. In â€Å"The Case for Animal Rights† (1992) Regan contends that all creatures of awareness have what he calls inalienable worth, which is an incentive to themselves over the estimation of their convenience to other people. He utilizes the case of the virtuoso and the impeded youngster. The estimation of the value to society contrasts drastically in these two people, yet that doesn't imply that the life of one is of more noteworthy incentive than the other. You couldn't ethically slaughter the impeded kid so as to spare the virtuoso, as this ethical hypothesis doesn't take into consideration that to occur. All creatures of cognizance have equivalent innate esteem and all have an equivalent option to be treated with deference and to not be treated in a manner that debases them to just a thing an asset for others to utilize. This is the thing that Regan calls the rights see. It precludes all fairness from claiming racial, sexual or social segregation, and contradicts the view that whatever it takes to get the job done, so be it you can't legitimize fiendish methods, that abuse a people rights, basically by accomplishing great outcomes. In the event that this ethical hypothesis censures all utilization of prejudice, sexism and some other type of segregation at that point, obviously, it will likewise denounce speciesism separation dependent on species. Regan doesn't just restrict battery hen cultivating, the states of veal cultivating, the little enclosures utilized for creatures in clinical and corrective testing and the traditionalist utilization of sedatives on creatures being utilized for harmfulness trial of beautifying agents, he contradicts the whole convention and way we take a gander at creatures in general. The rights see that Regan holds is abolitionist towards creature testing, for Lab creatures are not our testers; we are not their rulers. (Regan 1992) These creatures are continually decreased to their helpfulness to other people, as they are viewed as a sustainable asset for us to have our way with and, without the way to question, there is no motivation to stop. There is no idea at all to their inalienable worth and the way that their day to day environments and whether they live beyond words imperative to them. The reality it is imperative to them implies something, as indicated by the rights see. This takes us back to the virtuoso and the impeded kid model. On the off chance that we decreased those two down to their handiness to others we would experience no difficulty executing off the impeded kid so as to recover data that could spare the virtuoso life. The issue isn't numerous ethical creatures would have the option to do that. The way that they can do it to creatures is unmitigated speciesism, which should be as terrible as prejudice and different types of separation. An animal’s characteristic worth ought to be critical to us since it is essential to them. In the event that we dont regard that, at that point, according to the rights see, we are as awful as bigot crowds lynching an African-American because of the shade of his skin. Regan proposes that the explanation creatures are seen to have less worth stems from the reality they come up short on our degree of self-governance, reason or keenness. They cannot have a similar degree of characteristic incentive as people accomplish for those are a portion of the properties that make us esteem human life all in all. This form of the rights see is considerably more unmerited than saying they have no rights by any means, since we arent arranged to make a similar approach people who additionally need ordinary degrees of keenness, reason and independence. In all actuality those insufficient people, that come up short on those ascribes to a certain extent, don't hold less an incentive than all of us. Their life is still as critical to them as our life is to us and we can't legitimize saying this isn't the situation. All creatures who have intrinsic worth have it similarly and have the right to be treated as if their inalienable worth methods something for, as indicated by the rights see that I am clarifying and assessing, this is for sure the case. There are, obviously, promoters of varying perspectives and scholar Carl Cohen is one of these supporters. Carl Cohen accepts there are two classes that characterize a life form as a human. These classifications relate to a being’s cogniscience as a legitimate individual and an ethical individual. There are two sorts of legitimate people: characteristic and fake. Characteristic legitimate people allude to you and me any human on the planet is a characteristic lawful individual. A fake legitimate individual is an assortment of men/lady who according to the law are viewed as one for example A company is viewed as one lawful element. Both these sorts of legitimate people have lawful obligations to maintain the rule that everyone must follow and are answerable for their own activities. They are additionally given rights with these duties and go under legitimate security. Creatures arent seen to have any lawful obligations and, without any duties, there can be no rights. In that capacity, they can't go under legitimate insurance, successfully banishing them from being delegated a lawful individual, characteristic or fake. An ethical individual is a lot of the equivalent. They have moral duties to pay special mind to their locale, and others around them, and furthermore have the acumen and motivation to settle on self-ruling choices and to protest things they accept are corrupt. In concurring with and trying these obligations, they create moral rights to have their choices, sentiments and worth maintained by the networks they are ethically liable for. Creatures come up short on these properties, for example, the capacity to see good and bad in their activities, and to have the option to perceive their commitments and settle on an ethical choice dependent on their duties. Cohen himself unequivocally states so when he says â€Å"Rights emerge, and can be coherently protected, just among creatures who really do, or can, make moral cases against one another.† (1986) People might be dependent upon experimentation with their assent a decision they openly made and we, as good people, must regard, as they settled on the decision as an ethical individual. A creature can't do this. It is outlandish for a creature to give assent or retain assent and similarly as unimaginable for it to settle on an ethical choice dependent on moral commitment and feeling of good and bad. It is in this manner difficult to consider them an ethical individual. Much like the lawful people grouping, they are banned from every ethical right when they can't understand moral commitment, and realizing what is good and bad. Regan reacts to Cohen’s examination with an allegation of speciesism. Neglecting to ensure the privileges of creatures because of their absence of good traits is actually similar to censuring an impeded youngster for the nonattendance of this equivalent limit. Utilizing Cohen’s rationale, on the grounds that the hindered youngster needs sympathy and a feeling of good commitment, they merit no ethical rights by any stretch of the imagination. In reality, be that as it may, this is an incredible inverse. They are, truth be told, given more security therefore. Society offers types of assistance and offices for them to live with completely utilitarian individuals, so they may live in a satisfying way. It is ethically off-base, in present day society’s eyes, to victimize them because of their decreased mind work. Thus, I see Cohens contentions to be, old-fashioned, yet not in accordance with accepted way of thinking of 21st century society. It was distributed six years preceding Regans the Case for Animal Rights and, regardless of the way that it doesnt appear to be quite a while, society’s sees on basic entitlements have changed radically since 1986. The basic entitlements development is not, at this point considered as just the perspectives on â€Å"hippies† who ought not be paid attention to. This development has earned a ton of help from the standard of society, and numerous researchers and legal counselors have gotten behind it. Regan was one of the key factors in bringing the basic entitlements issue into the scholastic spotlight, and it has in this manner thrived in the educational program of numerous scholarly organizations, and has the help of senior legitimate researchers of Harvard Law Alan Dershowitz and Laurence Tribe. 92 out of 180 graduate schools in the US have now received the issue, and even have explicit basic entitlements courses included as necessary course prerequisites. The most eager adopters among the scholastic world are the savants, for it carries numerous profound inquiries to the surface and causes in us an acknowledgment of how brutal society can be, and how fraudulent we can be in our allotting of characteristic worth. Society has demonstrated to be inclined to bias and separation. As confirm by the social equality development of 1960s America, it can take many years to accomplish a condition of balance. Regan’s rights perspective on â€Å"inherent value†, when seen with regards to social equality, has been appeared to have huge incentive to all parts of society, not just the individuals who are the survivors of bias. Society specifically applies this rights view to suit themselves. Interestingly, Cohen’s rights perspective on doling out worth dependent on complying with preset classifications of legitimate and good personhood, appears to never again be pertinent to 21st century society’s convictions. Regan himself tends to this view and attracts correlations with how society treats people of decrease

Marvel Free Essays

string(255) bonds as insurance are esteemed generally lower now than they were the point at which the bonds were first given , which bring about t hello can just recuperate a small amount of the presumptive worth of their securities as value now and an earning back the original investment again appears questionable. Chapter 11 and Restructuring at Marvel Entertainment Group Chen Ziqiang Wu Libin Lin Yingshuai Deng Linli Lim Yihao 2011/11/29 1. For what reason did Marvel record for Chapter 11? Were the proble ms brought about by misfortune, terrible procedure, or awful execution? We feel that Marvel petitioned for Chapter 11 fundamentally because of its terrible business system. Three o f its six b usiness lines, Trading cards, Stickers and Comic Books began confronting the decrease in deals after year 1993. We will compose a custom paper test on Wonder or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now There were two fundamental purposes behind this decrease: F irst, these organizations progressively needed to contend with a lternative types of kid amusement (for the most part computer games). Second, the decrease in deals was driven by disillusioned authorities who had seen comic books as a type of speculation and quit getting them as organization quit expanding the costs. We accept that the organization ought to have predicted these occasions while playing out a statistical surveying and shaping a drawn out business and monetary system. The three unpromising business lines accounted to 61% of absolute incomes of an organization in year 1995. Simultaneously, the company’s monetary system depended on exceptionally hopeful business desires and was not reasonable for negative turn of interest for amusement items towards computer games. Because of its high influence (52%), the organization couldn't serve all the obligation if there should arise an occurrence of forcefully declining incomes. Clearly the organization didn't foresee the cha nge in customers’ inclinations and wasn't right in forecast of market patterns, concentrating on cards, stickers and distributing business lines and utilizing itself. In addition, in 1995 Marvin proceeded with its utilized venture into amusement cards b usiness †getting Skybox. This choice was amazingly unwise, as the organization was at that point on the limit of budgetary misery and ought to have looked for high development pportunities to extend so as to help its incomes as opposed to adding obligation to purchase business whic h produces non-requested items. Working proportions Marvel Entertainment Group 1991 1992 1993 Sales 115. 1 223. 8 415. 2 Cost of Sales 58. 2 112. 6 215. 3 Cost of deals/Sales 50. 6% 50. 3% 51. 9% SGA 21. 4 43. 4 85. 3 SGA/Sales 18. 6% 19. 4% 20 . 5% Net Income 16. 1 32. 6 56 Net Income/Sales 14. 0% 14. 6% 13. 5% 1994 514. 8 275. 3 53. 5% 119. 7 23. 3% 61. 8 12. 0% 1995 823. 9 383. 3 46. 2% 231. 3 27. 9% †48. 4 †5. 8% 1996 581. 2 372. 4 61. 4% 168 28. 9% †27. 9 †4. 8% As can be found in the table above, Marvels working proportions dropped drastically. The expense of Sales/Sales rose from 51% in 1991 to 62% in 1996, along with the SGA costs/Sales ascending from 19% to 29%. Also Marvels Net Income/Sales dropped from 14% to †5%. Influence proportions Marvel Entertainment Group 1991 1992 1993 Total Debt 355,3 324,7 Shares remarkable 97,7 98,6 102,6 Share value 5 12 26 Market estimation of value 488,5 1183,2 2667,6 Debt/D+E 23,1% 10,9% EBITDA 35,5 67,8 114,6 EBITDA/SALES 30,8% 30,3% 27,6% Interest costs 3,50 6,50 14,60 EBITDA/Interest 10,1 10,4 7,8 1994 585,7 103,7 16 1659,2 6,1% 119,8 23,3% 16,50 7,3 1995 934,8 101,3 12 1215,6 43,5% 214,7 25,9% 43,20 5,0 1996 977 101,8 4 407,2 70,6% 40,8 7,0% 42,70 1,0 Compare the administration approach and the influence proportions from that time along with its working proportions, we trust Marvel made an incredibly impudent move to gain Skybox in 1995. While their working edges where breaking down and their in fluence inclusion proportion (EBITDA/Interest) where falling, they ought to have procured an alternate arrangement. For all above expressed reasons, we accept that the company’s money related issues were caused predominantly by terrible methodology and poor administration. . Assess the proposed rebuilding plan. Will it unravel the proble ms that made Marvel record Chapter 11? As Carl Icahn, the biggest uncollateralized debt holder, OK vote in favor of the proposed rebuilding plan? Why or why not? A. ) We accept that the rebuilding plan can just take care of part of the issues that Marvel is confronting. We likewise accept that the proposed rebuilding plan won't tackle the genuine issues that Marvel is confronting yet just give impermanent help to the organization that isn't feasible. The proposed rebuilding plan targets giving liquidity to Marvel, lifting its obligation trouble and extending its current toy business. This is to be accomplished by methods for a recapitalization of the organization through a discharge of 427mn extra portions of basic value fo r a complete estimation of USD 365mn. Furthermore, the remarkable open obligation of the organization will be resigned with obligation holders being paid in the offers that went about as guarantee for their advances. With the returns of the emanation and the brought down obligation trouble, Marvel is then expected to obtain the rest of the stake in ToyBiz, its toy maker auxiliary. The recapitalization through the issue of 427mn new offers would tackle the intense liquidity issues of the firm and the retirement of the firm’s open d ebt would bring down the obligation weight of the firm altogether. Nonetheless, we accept that Marvel, under the proposed arrangement, would utilize its recently picked up liquidity and adaptability to an inappropriate end. The securing of the rest of the portions of ToyBiz would mean the continuation of an effectively disastrous system that prompted the present emergency. We in this way accept the rebuilding plan can just take care of part of the issues that Marvel is confronting. All the more unequivocally, the arrangement offers an answer for the side effects of the hidden issues in particular. It takes care of the liquidity issue that made Marvel abuse a portion of its obligation contracts and it likewise brings down the company’s obligation trouble. The center issue in our view, the business system of Marvel, isn't surrendered however even sought after further. B. ) I would not you vote in favor of the proposed rebuilding plan. The offers being p ledged to their bonds as insurance are esteemed generally lower now than they were the point at which the bonds were first given , which bring about t hello can just recoup a small amount of the presumptive worth of their bonds as value now and an equaling the initial investment again appears to be faulty. You read Wonder in class Article models This contention doesn't really hold for the financial specialists who purchased the profoundly limited bonds yet given the valuat particle of Bear Stearns it is faulty whether they will recoup their venture either. 3. What amount is Marvel’s value worth per share under the proposed rebuilding plan expecting it procures Toy Biz as arranged? What is your appraisal of the star forma Financial projections and liquidation suppositions? Marvel’s current market value that is 2 dollars before limiting arrangement expecting it obtains Toy Biz as arranged. Table 1: Debt/Equity Ratio With the plan to compute Marvel’s value with the proposed a cquisition of Toy Biz we utilized DCF model. As Debt/Equity proportions are steady (table 1), FCFE is utilized to ascertain the income with the accompanying presumptions. Table 2: Assumptions Assume: Discount Rate is equivalent to average Annual Return on Investments in Stocks from 1997 to 2001. *Annual Returns information is from histretSP. xls (http://pages. tern. nyu. edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/Inv2ed. htm) Table 3: FCFE 401. 7million/528. 8 million = 0. 76 Dollars for every offer. It shows that Mr. Perelman pays 13. 3% premium for new offers (he pays 0. 85 dollars for each offer). M arvel’s liquidation esteem Table 4: Marvel’s liquidation esteem The liquidati on esteem is 424. 7million by means of Chapter 7. 4. Will it be hard for Marvel or different organizations in the MacAndrews and Forbes holding organization to give obligation later on? The remarkable obligation of Marvel has been minimized by two rating organizations. In 1995 S and Moody’s minimized the holding companies’ obligation from B to B-. In 1996 Moody’s downsized Marvel’s open obligation. From that point onward, Marvel had declared that it would abuse explicit bank advance pledges because of diminishing incomes and benefits. Minimizing of obligation builds the difference in default. In the wake of minimizing of obligation, the procedure of likelihood to default expanded significantly. The low FICO assessment demonstrates a high danger of defaulting on an advance and, thus prompts high financing costs or the refusal of an advance by the loan boss. Speculators understand this hazard and in this way would request a higher default premium. The expanded default pre miums raised the expense of capital for the holding organization. Given the expanded hazard premium and default prospects, Marvel and different organizations in the MacAndrews and Forbes holding gathering would having more challenges giving new obligation later on. Obligation holders and loan bosses where bringing up issues about the uprightness on the judgment choices from Perelman. Judge Balick endorsed Marvel didn't segregate unreasonably against non-influencing bank classes and gave it was reasonable and impartial to all classes. In response, an attorney tested the Bearn Stern’s ends and hinted Bearn Sterns had different degrees of contentions because of the possibility charge gave by Perelman. At long last even the Vice †Chairman of the Andrew bunch needed to accompany an announcement to beat all the negative sounds in the market. At any rate it would appear that Perelman’s notoriety was harmed as of now. 5. For what reason did the cost of Marvel’s zero-coupon bonds drop on Tuesday, Nov 12, 1996? For what reason did portfolio supervisors at Fidelity and Putnam sell their bonds on Friday, Nov 8,1996? On Nov 12, 1996, Marvel’s zero-coupon bonds fell by over half when the representative for the Andrews Group

Fall 2012 Admission Notes COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Fall 2012 Admission Notes COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog If you are a prospective student you might have noticed a trend in the blog posts over the past few months.   For the most part blog posts in the late spring and summer are directed at those that have applied and received admission to the program.   Much of the blog content will still be geared in this direction throughout the summer, however information regarding the application process is going to start becoming more prevalent, especially near the end of the summer. There never is really a slow time in our office, we are always busy and much of the summer is spent preparing for the next admission season.   The summer tasks we are engaged in include making updates to our application, getting our computer systems set up, and planning our recruitment schedule.   Here are just a few notes on the application process for fall 2012 admission. First, SIPA no longer offers spring admission.   If you are interested in applying to SIPA you must submit an application for fall consideration.   The application deadline for fall admission will be January 5th, 2012 and the application will open on September 1st, 2011. Spring admission involved some complications that did not result in the most satisfying student experience so the Admissions Committee made the decision to do away with spring admission. Second, I will be posting announcements regarding the application over the summer.   For example, the Admissions Committee is discussing changes to the personal statement questions and when we have decided on what questions to ask, I will post an update on the blog. Third, representatives of SIPA will be engaging in both domestic and international travel in the fall.   When the travel schedule firms up I will post updates here as well. Fourth, when summer wraps up and students return from their internships, we will feature a number of entries written by students that should provide great insight into the professional development aspect of SIPA. All this and more will be sprinkled in over the summer and early fall so stay tuned.   On a final note and as mentioned above, we hope to have our new application live on September 1st.   If you wish to get an idea of the requirements, click here for a recap of the process last year.   We will be changing a few things but for the most part the process will remain similar.

Relationship Between a Countrys Economic Growth and Its...

Economic growth is the increase in the capacity of a country’s economy to produce goods and services. As a means of development and urbanisation, and a reflection of wealth and the living standard in a nation, it remains a key focus of most governments. In this course of action, water bodies may be polluted and contaminated due to waste (e.g. sewage and chemical waste) generated from different sectors of the economy. However, water pollution is not inevitable despite a country’s focus on economic growth, and in fact can be mitigated and controlled. A prominent example would be that of Singapore. Singapore is a highly developed market economy, with the 3rd highest GDP/capita in the world of $51,709.45 USD (2012). It has been†¦show more content†¦Industrial wastewater is to be treated to specified standards regulated by the the Environmental Protection and Management (Trade Effluent) Regulations before being discharged into a sewer or watercourse. Furthermore, t o ensure that these standards are met, industries which generate large quantities of acidic effluent, such as the aforementioned photochemical industries, are required to install devices to monitor the acidity of discharge into public sewers. The PUB has also installed a system to monitor the amount of chemicals in the sewers. Laws have been enacted such that offenders who do not meet such requirements and cause water pollution via improper disposal of untreated wastewater will be fined and jailed for up to 3 months, acting as an effective deterrent. Therefore, it is evident that water pollution is not an inevitable result of economic growth (caused by the chemical industry), as demonstrated in the example of Singapore, and through proper management and treatment of waste products, the fate of water pollution can in fact be controlled. With economic growth comes an increased quality of life including one’s living environment etc. This brings about greater access to products a nd facilities which will culminate in an increased consumption of goods and ultimately, a larger percentage of domestic waste. 6.5Show MoreRelatedReview Of Related Literature Involving The Robustness Of The Environmental Kuznets Curve1080 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental Kuznets Curve. This economic theory discusses the relationship turning point of environmental degradation with respect to economic growth. The hypothesis was introduced by Grossman and Kreuger who developed a reduced-form approach to embody the linear correlation of economic growth to environmental quality. Further studies have tested and enhanced this theory by tweaking either or both sides of the equation. 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We have been asked to focus on the fact that Logistics Plus is closely tied to GE’s business and that they are known to piggy-back onto where GE establishes business around the world. Logistics Plus also tries to get involved in the same industries that GE is involvedRead MoreTaiwan s Business Environment As Related Risk Factors Essay1713 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment, including economic/financial, environmental and, most importantly, political risks. Economic/Financial Risk The main economic risk relates to the Chinese economic growth falling in 2015. Growth is expected to increase in 2016, but economic activity will continue to be inhibited. The US economy’s recovery after the recession in 2008 should help to mitigate the effects of a weaker demand in China. Personal disposable income is expected to be the main economic activity driver, thought

Online Upload - 743 Words

Health Care Insurance The hospital honors major third-party coverage such as Medicare, Medicaid, Workers Compensation and other public assistance. Your third-party coverage may require prior approval of your hospitalization. Failure to obtain prior approval may result in reduced benefits requiring additional uninsured or personal charges. The admitting office can assist you in obtaining prior approval for your hospitalization. We accept commercial insurance and we participate in most managed care plans. Please provide Registration with all information necessary to bill your insurer, including your subscriber name, number and effective date. Under Medicare law, health care services that can be paid for by Medicare are subject to review†¦show more content†¦* Have you returned books borrowed from the library cart? * Have you provided all the financial information needed to assure proper payment of your bill? Holistic Healing Healing comes in a variety of ways at Jewish Hospital. Beyond the hands of physicians, patients receive healing in the form of art, which is made possible by the hospital’s Holistic Healing Committee. The C.A.R.E. Channel and an artistry gift program, â€Å"Healing Through Art,† are two patient-focused initiatives at The Jewish Hospital. To offer relief from commercial television, noise and other stressful distractions, the C.A.R.E. channel combines nature images and appropriate, uninterrupted music as an environmental tool to enhance and promote healing. The images are produced slowly to be effective for confined patients and to avoid being distracting or confusing for those on high levels of medication. Paced for time of day and night, the programming provides a peaceful starfield for overnight broadcast. The music selection is non-generational, non-regionally-biased and non-commercial and the programming is no additional charge to patients. 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Importance of ICT in education ICT has become essential in education as it contributes to the achievement of a student’s education in many ways. 1. Increases source of knowledge ICT allows students to access to information online shared by people all around the world, this allow them to get a better understanding. Also, allows students to researchRead MoreAdvertising, Refund Problem And All Other Problem Of Online Shopping961 Words   |  4 PagesNowadays people try to shop online more than before. If people have no car don’t have the energy to tackle an overcrowded, some of items are too heavy. People all worries answer could be the online shopping. Online shopping means the service provider or seller and the customer contract each other without simultaneous, actual and physical presence. Online shopping has become increasing day by day especially in holidays. 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(Wahba,2016) This online store offers consumers to shop online without the hassle of having to go into a store that is unfamiliar and uncomfortable to them. (Leob,ND) The online store will attract more customers and expand the WalmartRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed The World Of Retailing1487 Words   |  6 Pagesaffecting the retailing industry is the increase in the number of people who prefer shopping for apparel on the Internet from the comfort of their home rather than a tradition brick and mortar store. Emerging technology such as mobile applications and online platforms are changing the way retailers do business. One other mobile trend is the creation of mobile point-of-sale applications to make it easier for consumers to buy apparels. Furthermore, another trend would be the usage of customer data by retailers

Paper Editors Explained

Paper Editors Explained Within a couple of hours or less, you're get a greeting from your appointed editor, who you could end up exchanging messages with different times throughout the approach. You always have to incorporate all your contact information at the cover of the letter. On our informative blog there are lots of posts that will allow you to comprehend the intricate features of English writing. Generally, if you're just starting to read scientific papers, reviews are an amazing place to start. Paper Editors - Is it a Scam? Moreover, you can proofread your essays. Edit your essay until it's perfect. Being in college, you will most likely be writing essays till they come out of your ears. Top ranking essays need premium quality editing. Before long, but the editing is going to be completed, and you'll have the edited research paper. You will get an essay formatted to academic standards that are almost impossible to adhere to each moment. With us, you don't need to worry your essay will be plagiarized. It's rather challenging to edit your own essay and at times constructive criticism is required. Editing your paper is not going to take long once you place your faith in our expert services. It is vital when it comes to academic writing. It is the most important part of your writing. Guru Editing can manage your college essay editing requirements quickly and at a good price. A Startling Fact about Paper Editors Uncovered On-line term paper writers supply you with physician term reports which protect you time permit you to get together diverse wants. Our informative and easy-to-use blog provides many intriguing suggestions and approaches to expand your understanding of English and far more. The remedy is yes , no matter the sort of essay you're writing. The solution essay can be regarded as the tricky one as it needs to be written in formal style. When you submit an order with us, one of ourterm paper editors will begin working on it within a couple of hours, and they'll ask whether there are any details that will need to get clarified. In order to work out how much it costs to get our experts proofread your paper, you'll need to sign up (it won't take you more than a moment and has no cost) and then you may decide on the paper editor which is most appropriate for your preferences and requirements. With our messaging system you are able to keep on top of the advancement of your project, upload documents that may help your customized term paper editors create a precisely formatted and accurate term paper that's prepared to be submitted immediately. You're able to submit an order with us knowing that you will surely get the expression paper which you're looking for, with the correct formatting and other requirements. If you prefer to find a finished paper for a reasonable price, you're in the region you require! In the event that you get a university term paper, but don't appreciate where to seem you might have reached the ideal detect! Needless to say, if there's no paper that the editor finds suitable, it's a good idea not to make a matter just containing the next best paper. The Ideal Strategy to Paper Editors Our professional staff is always delighted to help you. Qualified and experienced Chicago writers can help you with any paper you've got. For you content creators, you may have noticed that hiring a human editor can be hugely pricey, particularly if you desire fast turn-around times! All our qualified editors are supplied by editage to provide you with the buzz. You don't need to work for a magazine or newspaper to gain from the assistance of a superior editor. Editors have a duty to work for the introduction of an issue weekly. Superior editors have to be in a position to recognize inconsistencies in the works of writers and find methods to help enhance the prose. Editors for students can be difficult to discover. Many writers today make a great living creating captivating content for a wide variety of clients. Allow the experts do the job. As an example, fashion editors may require expertise in fashion they gain through formal training or employment experience. Even in the event that you don't have detailed instructions our editors will deal with the facts of the undertaking and make sure that it's properly formatted, carefully written, and organized the manner your course requires. When everything is completed, you as editor sees that a very good image accompsnies the write-up and so your section is about to publish. If you've w orked with us before you can ask for a particular editor, and they're going to take your project on if they're available, otherwise another skilled editor begins working on it. Every editor is happy to acquire a well-written, documented letter that's thought-provoking. A specialist editor will be able to help you to recognize any weak points and other issues so you can boost your final manuscript.

Lead and Influence for Business and Economic - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLead and Influence for Business and Economic Horizons. Answer: I was the Human Resource Manager at JoyPond Distributors between May 2016 and March 2017. JoyPond Distributors was one of the leading wine distributors in the country. However, in the middle of 2016, the company had encountered great losses due to high competition, which had made few investors pull out of the company. Most workers were also resigning due to delayed payments, and as a result, a vacancy came up for the position of sales manager after the one who held the position left without notice. As the H.R I had a duty to call interested applicants for interviews and select the most suitable candidate to fill in the position. This responsibility was challenged when a colleague approached me saying that he already had an interested person who was ready to pay a considerable amount of money to bring in someone to fill in the position directly without an interview. This money would be enough to help sustain the company during the tough times. It sounded like a great deal, and as much as I wanted to help the company, I was torn between agreeing with the idea and following the protocol as required. I was devoted to my work, and I did not want to compromise my work ethics and integrity. According to Coleman and MacNicol (2015), integrity in leadership refers to being honest and having ethical behavior which is characteristic of people who can be trusted. Trustworthiness is a major factor in business success, and so the company trusted me to make the right decision. If the proposed person got direct entry to the company and offered incompetent services, then a solution would not have been met. The money provided would only assist for some time, on the other hand, one who goes through the protocol may be able to bring in not only different but also efficient and long-term solutions to the companys problems due to the compelling interview and background check that I would do. Transformational leadership takes place when a leader and followers make each other progress to higher levels of morality and motivation. I wondered whether my decision would promote this leadership style or not (Riaz Haider, 2010). The stakeholders would be affected by this ruling because they need to see a competent person who would contribute positively to the companys growth. The increase of the company would mean getting profits, and this would result in growth in the stakeholders interest. Before making a final decision I had to think and plan and be ready to take responsibility for my actions, just as Duly Wash (2010), says, this was not going to be easy, neither was I going to accomplish it overnight. According to Yulk (2010), one of the tips for a transformational leader was the ability to express confidence, decisiveness and be optimistic about the vision they have, and focus on its implementation. There are several theories in existence about leadership, and their relevance depends on the context in which the method is applied. This paper is going to use two of these theories to analyze the case in part I, these are; Trait theory and behavior theory. Trait theory had the opinion that leaders possessed physical traits that- leaders did not have. It, however, ignored the ideas of whether the traits were genetic or could be acquired. Having these traits would make it easy to select those who possessed them to be selected and ranked into positions of leadership. According to Zaccaro (2007), some of these traits included; adaptable to the situation, ambitious, decisive, assertive, energetic and cooperative among others (Goodpasture, 2010). This theory had a shortcoming in that; the characters presented were too many making it difficult to identify consistent traits. Behavior theory, on the other hand, recognizes the importance of certain necessary leadership skills that help a leader to act, while of the opinion that every individual has a unique style of leadership which he or she feels most satisfied (Yukl, 2010). This theory concentrates more on what leaders do rather than their qualities. These behavior patterns are categorized as styles of leadership. This theory was brought about by the difficulty in measuring traits such as; honesty, loyalty, and integrity. Focusing on the trait theory, I would say the protagonist who in this case was then H.R, performed well as a leader because he was able to adapt to the situation at hand, which was the need to fill in the vacant position. He also stands out as a leader because he knew he had to decide whether to conduct an interview or give a direct entry to the individual who was to offer money. This leader, however, is unable to settle on a decision and therefore fails to be decisive and according to this theory he would fail and would not be seen as a leader. The H.R stood out as a leader following the behavioral theory because he upheld high integrity in his work; he knew he had to support ethical behavior so that the company could trust him in making the right decisions (Winkler, 2010). In the protagonists case, not only does he want to choose wisely, but also wants to uphold values which guide his behavior and controls his actions. He also appreciates his work and always wants to support integr ity in his decisions. The H.R would stand out as a great leader if the behavioral theory is applied to vet him. Since the company was in a crisis, the H.R needs to make sure those who come in are competent and qualified; this would help bring in external solutions which may end up saving the company from the crisis and bring forth high-performance achievements (Pandya, 2014). Leadership involves transparency, with the H.R being transparent enough to refuse the money offer, this would place the company on high levels of fitting the social needs which would earn the company great respect. With a trustworthy employee, Stakeholders would be assured of the longevity of the company and purport to increase their shares thus stabilizing the business as Maslow considers humans to be energized by an actualizing manner and believe that well-being takes place to the extent people can freely express their inherent potentials. From the case, it is evident that the external environment which mostly affected the protagonist is competition. Competitive advantages needed to be taken to help the protagonist and the stakeholders fight their losses. The internal factor that stands out is the companys culture of the organization, and this is what has made the H.R responsible for hiring people into the company since his job description states so. If not for the organizations' culture the protagonist would not be in this situation (Northouse, 2016). Bibliography list Coleman, S. MacNicol, D., 2015,Project Leadership, Gower Publishing, Ltd: Farnham, Surrey, UK Burlington, VT. Goodpasture, J., 2010, Project Management the Agile Way: Making it Work in the Enterprise,J. Ross Publishing, Ft. Lauderdale, FL. Northouse,P. G., 2016, Leadership: Theory and practice, (7th Ed). SAGE Publications: Los Angeles, CA. Pandya, K. D., 2014, The Key Competencies of Project Leader beyond the Essential Technical Capabilities, IUP Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 39-48. Riaz, A. Haider, M. H., 2010, Role of transformational and transactional leadership on job satisfaction and career satisfaction, Business and Economic Horizons, Vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 29-38. Winkler, I., 2010,Contemporary Leadership Theories: Enhancing the Understanding of the Complexity, Subjectivity and Dynamic of Leadership, Physica-Verlag: Heidelberg. Yukl, G., 2010, Leadership in organizations. (7th Ed.). Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ. Zaccaro, S., 2007, Trait-Based Perspectives of Leadership, American Psychologist, Vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 6-16.

2.2 Significance of the situation Essays - Epidemiology, Belief

2.2 Significance of the situation Since the initial evidence pointed to the food distributed at the festival (hence the term a point-source outbreak'), the question of how much investigation should be pursued needed to be considered. B 2.7 Critical questions for discussion 1. Compare this point-source outbreak with the propagated-source outbreak from a bakery (Stewart and Gebrehewet 2012) - what do the epidemic curves indicate about the two situations, what similarities are there, what differences? 2. What is culture? How does it affect health? How important is culture in the presentation, investigation and response to disease in general and in food safety issues? If possible, find other examples. (p.19 paragraph 3) A system of shared concepts, beliefs and values where individuals interpret and make sense of life and the world around them. We would argue that culture is a combination of both active and passive learning; for example, eating habits are learnt (by being taught) but also unconsciously absorbed from those around us. These concepts, beliefs and values find expression in actions by individuals that mark them as members of a cultural group. 3. When should food premises be prosecuted for failures? Why? The investigation of the food premises needed to balance ensuring that forensic evidence of any possible link between the restaurant and the outbreak was robust, while at the same time maintaining good relationships with the restaurant, being mindful that any adverse publicity or decision was likely to have major effects on the business with resulting consequences for staff employment. 4. Microbiological, epidemiological and environmental investigations take time and effort by highly trained professionals. Should every outbreak be investigated? To what extent should any outbreak be investigated? What outcomes matter in an outbreak investigation and response? 5. What is the difference between a primary case and a secondary case? Direct contact by eating the food. Person to person infection. 6. What is the odds ratio' in case-control studies? One of three main ways to quantify how strongly the presence or absence of property A is associated with the presence or absence of property B in a given population.

An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology

An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Cultural anthropology, also known as sociocultural anthropology, is the study of cultures around the world. It is one of four subfields of the academic discipline of anthropology. While anthropology is the study of human diversity, cultural anthropology focuses on cultural systems, beliefs, practices, and expressions. Did You Know? Cultural anthropology is one of the four subfields of anthropology. The other subfields are archaeology, physical (or biological) anthropology, and linguistic anthropology. Areas of Study and Research Questions Cultural anthropologists use anthropological theories and methods to study culture. They study a wide variety of topics, including identity, religion, kinship, art, race, gender, class, immigration, diaspora, sexuality, globalization, social movements, and many more. Regardless of their specific topic of study, however, cultural anthropologists focus on patterns and systems of belief, social organization, and cultural practice. Some of the research questions considered by cultural anthropologists include: How do different cultures understand universal aspects of the human experience, and how are these understandings expressed?How do understandings of gender, race, sexuality, and disability vary across cultural groups?What cultural phenomena emerge when different groups come into contact, such as through migration and globalization?How do systems of kinship and family vary among different cultures?How do various groups distinguish between taboo practices and mainstream norms?How do different cultures use ritual to mark transitions and life stages? History and Key Figures Cultural anthropology’s roots date back to the 1800s, when early scholars like Lewis Henry Morgan and Edward Tylor became interested in the comparative study of cultural systems. This generation drew on the theories of Charles Darwin, attempting to apply his concept of evolution to human culture. They were later dismissed as so-called â€Å"armchair anthropologists,† since they based their ideas on data collected by others and did not personally engage first-hand with the groups they claimed to study. These ideas were later refuted by Franz Boas, who is widely hailed as the father of anthropology in the U.S. Boas strongly denounced the armchair anthropologists’ belief in cultural evolution, arguing instead that all cultures had to be considered on their own terms and not as part of a progress model. An expert in the indigenous cultures of the Pacific Northwest, where he participated in expeditions, he taught what would become the first generation of American anthropologists as a professor at Columbia University. His students included Margaret Mead, Alfred Kroeber, Zora Neale Hurston, and Ruth Benedict. Boas’ influence continues in cultural anthropology’s focus on race and, more broadly, identity as forces that are social constructed and not biologically based. Boas fought staunchly against the ideas of scientific racism that were popular in his day, such as phrenology and eugenics. Instead, he attributed differences between racial and ethnic groups to social factors. After Boas, anthropology departments became the norm in U.S. colleges and universities, and cultural anthropology was a central aspect of study. Students of Boas went on to establish anthropology departments across the country, including Melville Herskovits, who launched the program at Northwestern University, and Alfred Kroeber, the first professor of anthropology at the University of California at Berkeley. Margaret Mead went on to become internationally famous, both as an anthropologist and scholar. The field grew in popularity in the U.S. and elsewhere, giving way to new generations of highly influential anthropologists like Claude Là ©vi-Strauss and Clifford Geertz. Together, these early leaders in cultural anthropology helped solidify a discipline focused explicitly on the comparative study of world cultures. Their work was animated by a commitment to true understanding of different systems of beliefs, practice, and social organization. As a field of scholarship, anthropology was committed to the concept of cultural relativism, which held that all cultures were fundamentally equal and simply needed to be analyzed according to their own norms and values. The main professional organization for cultural anthropologists in North America is the Society for Cultural Anthropology, which publishes the journal Cultural Anthropology. Methods Ethnographic research, also known as ethnography, is the primary method used by cultural anthropologists.  The hallmark component of ethnography is participant observation, an approach often attributed to Bronislaw Malinowski. Malinowski was one of the most influential early anthropologists, and he pre-dated Boas and the early American anthropologists of the 20th century. For Malinowski, the anthropologist’s task is to focus on the details of everyday life. This necessitated living within the community being studied- known as the fieldsite- and fully immersing oneself in the local context, culture, and practices. According to Malinowski, the anthropologist gains data by both participating and observing, hence the term participant observation. Malinowski formulated this methodology during his early research in the Trobriand Islands and continued to develop and implement it throughout his career. The methods were subsequently adopted by Boas and, later, Boas’ students. This methodology became one of the defining characteristics of contemporary cultural anthropology. Contemporary Issues in Cultural Anthropology While the traditional image of cultural anthropologists involves researchers studying remote communities in faraway lands, the reality is far more varied. Cultural anthropologists in the twenty-first century conduct research in all types of settings, and can potentially work anywhere that humans live. Some even specialize in digital (or online) worlds, adapting ethnographic methods for today’s virtual domains. Anthropologists conduct fieldwork all around the world, some even in their home countries. Many cultural anthropologists remain committed to the discipline’s history of examining power, inequality, and social organization. Contemporary research topics include the influence of historical patterns of migration and colonialism on cultural expression (e.g. art or music) and the role of art in challenging the status quo and effecting social change. Where Do Cultural Anthropologists Work? Cultural anthropologists are trained to examine patterns in daily life, which is a useful skill in a wide range of professions. Accordingly, cultural anthropologists work in a variety of fields. Some are researchers and professors in universities, whether in anthropology departments or other disciplines like ethnic studies, women’s studies, disability studies, or social work. Others work in technology companies, where there is an increasing demand for experts in the field of user experience research. Additional common possibilities for anthropologists include nonprofits, market research, consulting, or government jobs. With broad training in qualitative methods and data analysis, cultural anthropologists bring a unique and diverse skill set to a variety of fields. Sources McGranahan, Carol. On Training Anthropologists Rather Than Professors Dialogs, Cultural Anthropology website, 2018.Social and Cultural Anthropology Discover Anthropology UK, The Royal Anthropological Institute, 2018.What is Anthropology? American Anthropological Association, 2018.

Ford Motors as the Best Company to Work with Essay

Ford Motors as the Best Company to Work with - Essay Example This research is being carried out to evaluate and present reasons why Ford Motors is the best. The company pays competitive salaries without delay. This is because the company always makes profits which it uses it to remunerate its employees. The minimum wage for the ordinary worker ranges from $1700 to $450k for the managers. Many people are seeking to be employed in an organization that makes profits and has increased sales. This is because their jobs are secured. The company makes profits through increased sales. Employees are motivated by the on the job training. This means that there is always an opportunity for the employees to have more knowledge. Employees are given incentives such as a provision of laptops for the jobs. They are also given some of the vehicles to use to cruise to their places of work.Houses are given free of charge once an employee. Extra hours are paid accordingly so as to encourage them to work extra hard. The promotion is given to hard work and performan ce. This encourages them to put more effort so as to perform so as to get the promotion. The company is also concerned of the employee through having health Insurance , pension plan, maternity and paternity leave and vacation & time off (sick days)

September 11th Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

September 11th - Essay Example This paper aims to examine the historic yet much-disputed event in a perspective that delves into the purported causes, outcomes, interpretations and analyses by various authorities leading to solve its mystery and to substantiate that it is, in fact, a purposeful act of terrorism. A Day of Terror It was just a typical busy day for Manhattan’s financial district until loud explosions roared and alarms reverberated all at once. The Twin Towers of the World Trade Center were burning, initial reports said. Succeeding news items revealed that it was a series of airplane crashes that hit the two building buildings due to hijacking operations. Few minutes passed when live broadcasts broke another story that another passenger airline crashed into The Pentagon, and a fourth one plunged into a field in Pennsylvania (a failed attempt to hit the White House of the Capitol); conclusions were drawn that the progression of incidents was actually a terrorist attack by suicide bombers. Author ities reported that there were no survivors from any of the flights and that almost 3, 000 people died due to the incident, including the 19 hijackers. The number accounted for 836 firefighters and police officers who showed up for rescue that doubled after a week. Additionally, it was noted that most of the casualties were American civilians and nationals from almost 100 countries (â€Å"In-depth: September,† 2007). Horrible and piteous scenes documented by videos and photographs of the incident could hardly describe the total magnitude of the catastrophic event during ‘nine eleven.’ The whole scope of damage did not only encompass the targeted structures which were deemed as symbols of American supremacy, it also included several buildings on the site that were destroyed or severely weakened such as related financial and business complexes, media outlets, government offices, a hotel, a church and pedestrian bridges. Furthermore, the attacks generated widespread disorder among news agencies, airline companies and airport facilities, security personnel, law enforcers and political leaders around the globe. For three days, all international civilian flights were prohibited to land on the U.S soil. Aircrafts already in flight were either turned down or rerouted to other airports in nearby countries. Such was the paranoia of the American government and the people during the time. Subsequently, the suspected attackers, of various nationalities, were identified. The Federal Bureau of Investigation determined the personal information of the passengers that boarded the planes and reckoned their identities and capabilities to carry out the despicable assault. It was found out that they formally attended American aviation schools, which qualified them to deliver the attack. On board American Airlines Flight 11 were Mohamed Atta, Satam al-Suqami, Waleed Alshehri, Wail Alshahri and Abdulaziz Alomari. Marwan Al-Shehhi, Ahmed Alghamdi, Hamza Alghamdi, M ohald Alshehri and Fayez Rashid were in United Airlines Flight 175. In American Airline Flight 77 were Khalid Almihdhar, Majed Moqed, Nawaf Alhamzi, Salem Alhamzi and Ani Hanjour. While, Saeed Alghamdi, Ahmed Alnami, Ziad Samir al-Jarrah and Ahmed al-Naznawi were able to pass airport scrutiny by behaving like ordinary passengers and boarded United Airlines F

John Kotter Good Leadership Management Essay

John Kotter Good Leadership Management Essay Lead only if u can manage. Though leadership means superiority and power, but management is the basic necessity and pillar of a business organisation. For a leader to function efficiently managerial skills and abilities are essential. The words lead from leadership and manage from management itself specifies its functions and characteristic activities. Leadership and management are definitely two distinctive and complementary systems of action as told by John Kotter in 1991. Both leadership and management are not natural, they are acquired abilities and talents that can developed and modified according to the situation. Both leaders and managers are significant in an organisation to lead the management towards its vision and to manage the employees to accomplish the mission of the organisation. To briefly elaborate the topic assigned, this report will proceed along the following spectrum: what is management? , management concepts, who is a manager?, managers attributes and qualities, role of a manager, management theories, what is leadership?, who is a leader?, what attributes/traits makes a leader successful?, theories of leadership and difference between leadership and management. All of these topics will be explained briefly below with suitable quotes and examples. WHAT IS MANAGEMENT AND ITS CONCEPTS? Management is an existing process which is mainly result oriented, this process involves proper utilization of resources such as human, financial and material resources which are available to the organizations and to individual managers for the purpose of goal attainment (Michael Armstrong, 1990, p. 1). There are four basic management concepts namely, Planning- What, How and When the tasks must be performed. Organizing- Determining tasks, Groupings of work and Putting plans into actions Influencing- Motivating, Leading, Directing organization members mainly to increase productivity. Controlling- Gathering information, Making comparisons and Finding new ways of improving production through organizational modifications (Samuel and Trevis, 2012, p.27). WHO IS A MANAGER? A Manager is a person in an organization, who has a group of employees under his control and it is his responsibility to plan, organise, influence, monitor and control the work of his group or team in order to achieve the organizational goals. There are different types of managers based on their field of work. Such as financial, production, service, marketing, human resource managers. Different managers have different responsibilities and targets. According to F. John Reh,(2011) a senior business executive says a manager is a person who helps others and get more done by motivating them, providing directions, making sure they are working together toward a common goal, removing roadblocks and providing feedback. Peter F. Drucker,(2009) a successful American businessman says The productivity of work is not the responsibility of the worker but of the manager. MANAGERS ATTRIBUTES AND QUALITIES Conceptual ability- A manager is in need of this ability which also involves decision making skills during some complex situations including environmental situations. A managers conceptual ability should be used in relation to the objectives and strategic planning of the organisation. (Laurie J. Mullins, 2005, p.212). Social and human skills- It refers to interpersonal relationship between the manager and employees. The manager should effectively utilise the human resource of the organisation which involves team works and proper direction to his employees and more over the manager should also be versatile. (Laurie J. Mullins, 2005, p.212). Technical competence- It is the managers ability of utilization of specific knowledge, methods and techniques to organise the tasks and is mostly required at supervisory level, staff trainings and in day-to-day operations. (Laurie J. Mullins, 2005, p.211). ROLE OF A MANAGER See Possibilities Manager is the only people who knows the employees better than anyone else and try to bring the best out of them. (Scrid, 2012) Know the Structure   Manger should be up-to-date with the organisation structure and objectives, so that he can evaluate his expectation from the employees. (Scrid, 2012) Remember: Small Actions Count!   Little drops of water make the ocean, and little kindness act as bond between the manager and the employees and creates respect among each other. (Scrid, 2012) Be Creative In this complex and volatile business environment it is expected for the manager to be creative and be an inspirational tool for co-workers and other employees. (Scrid, 2012) Commit   As the level of commitment is contagious, a manager should not only be committed to his objectives but should also show commitment toward his employees. (Scrid, 2012) Be Human   Authority should not create a gap between a manager and his employees. The manager can be himself, but if he tries to be someone his employees can look up to. The manger will gain respect, loyality and a good connection. (Scrid, 2012) Stay Versatile   A manager should be flexible and versatile and be ready for sudden changes and others suggestions from his employees. (Scrid, 2012) Have fun while you work   A manager should know how to be professional at work and having fun in the process. (Scrid, 2012) Be a role model   The manager is considered as the leader for the employees working under him. The employees will mirror their managers work ethics. So the manager should be worthy of being a role model. (Scrid, 2012) MANAGEMENT THEORIES: Frederick Taylors Scientific Management Lillian Gilbreths motion study Max Webers bureaucratic theory Henri Fayols administrative theory Elton Mayos hawthorne effect Systems Approach Chaos theory Team Building theory WHAT IS LEADERSHIP? Ralph Stogdill (1950) points out that the definition of leadership has three components, they are: 1. Interpersonal relationship, 2. Social context and 3. Goal attainment. So leadership is the process of influencing one subordinate or an organised group in setting a goal and in attaining the targeted goal. (Buc and Huk, 2010, p.596) Peter F. Drucker,(2009) a successful American businessman says Effective leadership is not about making speeches or being liked; leadership is defined by results not attributes. WHO IS A LEADER? A leader is one who keeps people moving forward by motivating them and invest in them rather than getting something out of them.A leader is one who delegates the work to the right person who can do it better than the others.A leader not only identifies problems but also initiates a solution to the problem. According to Douglas MacArthur, (1930)   the son of the high-ranking military figure, Arthur MacArthur says A true leader has the confidence to stand alone, the courage to make tough decisions, and the compassion to listen to the needs of others. He does not set out to be a leader, but becomes one by the equality of his actions and the integrity of his intent. WHAT ATTRIBUTES/TRAITS MAKES A LEADER SUCCESSFUL? Emotional intelligence- It is the ability to identify, evaluate, and control the  emotions  of oneself, of others, and of groups. Daniel Goleman framed emotional intelligence and he identified six leadership styles which affect working atmosphere and financial performance. The aspect of emotional intelligence is the selection of these leadership styles to be successful. (Buc and Huk, 2010, p.614) Interpersonal communication skill- It is the   is the process by which people exchange information, feelings, and meaning through  verbal  and  non-verbal  messages: it is  face-to-face communication. Interpersonal communication is not just about what is actually said, it is also about the language used and but  how  it is said and the non-verbal messages sent through tone of voice,  facial  expressions, gestures and body language.(Skillsyouneed, 2012) Modification skills- a leader must be versatile and flexible in order to handle the situations and make some modification in his behaviour, objectives and plans in order to initiate a solution for the problems being faced by the organisation. Creativity- as the decision making process lies in the hands of the leader. It is expected from him to be creative and come up with some innovative decisions for the welfare and profitability of the organisation. Creativity make the leader a role model. Motivation- it is the process of keep people or employees moving forward by fulfilling their needs and ideas and focusing them toward the attainment of the organisational goal with energy and persistence (Buc and Huk, 2010, p.225) LEADERSHIP STYLES Leadership styles mainly deals with the different functions of leadership and the style of leadership towards members of the group or subordinate staffs. They are classified into three styles, namely: Authoritarian (or autocratic) style- it is where the power is with the leader and all the interaction with the group and employees move towards the manager. The leader alone exercises decision making, authority for determining policies, procedures for achieving goals, work tasks and relationships, control of rewards and punishments. Democratic style- it is where the power is mostly with the group and there is a good interaction with in the group. The leadership functions are shared with the group and the manager is also a part of the group. The group members can give their suggestion in decision making, determination of policy and in implementation of systems and procedures Laissez-faire (genuine) style it is were the members of the group and their workings are observed and the power is passed to the members to allow them the freedom of action and no to interfere, but be available if help needed. The members are left to face decisions. There is often confusion over this style of leadership behaviour THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP: Great Men Theory The Trait Theories of Leadership Style Theory Douglas McGregor: Theory X and Theory Y Contingency Theory Behavioural Theories Participative Theories Relationship Theories DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT CONCLUSION

The Modern Women Essay -- Gender Roles, Blaxploitation

Common misrepresentations of women are said to be that they are weak and inferior to men in which American society continuously place women in these roles within domestic, political, economic, and social settings. The public rarely pays tribute to the feminine heroine because she is unrecognized and unseen in American culture. However, during the 1960s to 1970s, African-American female representation has changed the way we define femininity and the modern woman through the genre known as Blaxploitation. Blaxploitation was a genre created for the black and urban audiences which highlighted black unity and empowerment. With this, the â€Å"ideal† black woman has changed. Through the workings of Edward Guerrero, Eithne Quinn, and Yvonne Sims, I am going to explain the key origins and definitions of Blaxploitation in which Guerrero takes a socioeconomic standpoint and Quinn and Sims value a more social view. With Quinn’s and Sims’s point-of-views, I will argue that B laxploitation have altered the ideas of African-American female representation in which characters like Foxy Brown have assumed masculine traits, thus, making her a stronger female. Lastly, I will discuss what Guerrero is missing in relation to the black female representation compared the real world. According to Edward Guerrero, the origins of Blaxploitation occurred during the Civil Rights Movement as a film strategy for the deteriorating film industry. During 1960, profits from the box office decreased from $60 million to $15 million; however, in 1967, one-third of the black population added to the box office gross and Hollywood used this fact towards making a profit .The large African-American population within the movie industry was due to their desire to spectate black... ...tion and is only limited to his socioeconomic argument. Although authors like Guerrero, Quinn, and Sims have different observations of their origins and definitions of Blaxploitation, they can all agree the notion of how it was popular among African-American audiences. Guerrero argues that Blaxploitation was a mockery of Black Nationalism and was created for the sole-purpose of profit of Hollywood. Also, Quinn believes that Blaxploitation was created after the Civil Rights movement to highlight individualism and needs of the powerful black male in which these traits portrays the male as violent and sexual; and lastly, Sims adheres to the idea that female characters later embodied these traits to illustrate the important of women in film. Unlike Quinn and Sims, Guerrero does not see the important of the gender dynamics of the black heroine within Blaxploitation. The Modern Women Essay -- Gender Roles, Blaxploitation Common misrepresentations of women are said to be that they are weak and inferior to men in which American society continuously place women in these roles within domestic, political, economic, and social settings. The public rarely pays tribute to the feminine heroine because she is unrecognized and unseen in American culture. However, during the 1960s to 1970s, African-American female representation has changed the way we define femininity and the modern woman through the genre known as Blaxploitation. Blaxploitation was a genre created for the black and urban audiences which highlighted black unity and empowerment. With this, the â€Å"ideal† black woman has changed. Through the workings of Edward Guerrero, Eithne Quinn, and Yvonne Sims, I am going to explain the key origins and definitions of Blaxploitation in which Guerrero takes a socioeconomic standpoint and Quinn and Sims value a more social view. With Quinn’s and Sims’s point-of-views, I will argue that B laxploitation have altered the ideas of African-American female representation in which characters like Foxy Brown have assumed masculine traits, thus, making her a stronger female. Lastly, I will discuss what Guerrero is missing in relation to the black female representation compared the real world. According to Edward Guerrero, the origins of Blaxploitation occurred during the Civil Rights Movement as a film strategy for the deteriorating film industry. During 1960, profits from the box office decreased from $60 million to $15 million; however, in 1967, one-third of the black population added to the box office gross and Hollywood used this fact towards making a profit .The large African-American population within the movie industry was due to their desire to spectate black... ...tion and is only limited to his socioeconomic argument. Although authors like Guerrero, Quinn, and Sims have different observations of their origins and definitions of Blaxploitation, they can all agree the notion of how it was popular among African-American audiences. Guerrero argues that Blaxploitation was a mockery of Black Nationalism and was created for the sole-purpose of profit of Hollywood. Also, Quinn believes that Blaxploitation was created after the Civil Rights movement to highlight individualism and needs of the powerful black male in which these traits portrays the male as violent and sexual; and lastly, Sims adheres to the idea that female characters later embodied these traits to illustrate the important of women in film. Unlike Quinn and Sims, Guerrero does not see the important of the gender dynamics of the black heroine within Blaxploitation.

Indian Contract Act Essay

THE INDIAN CONTTRACT ACT, 1872 The Law of contract is that branch of Law, which determines the circumstances in which promises made by parties to contract shall be legally binding on them. Every one of us enters into a number of contracts from morning until night. Examples: 1) Buying Milk early in the morning. 2) Boarding BEST Bus 3) Borrowing Money from Friend 4) To see movie. 5) Purchasing goods from shops. This how we enter into contracts though we are not conscious of it .Therefore, it is most usual method of defining the give and take deal in a business transaction The law relating to the contract is contained in the INDIAN CONTRACT ACT, 1972. The principle of this law helps in settlement of disputes between the parties to the contract. The Indian Contract Act, 1872 deals only with promises which creates legal obligation. DEFINITION OF CONTRACT The word contract is derived from the â€Å"LATIN† term â€Å"CONTRACTUM† Meaning â€Å"DRAWN TOGETHER† This therefore denotes drawing together of two or more minds to form a common intention-giving rise to an agreement. Indian Definition A Contract is â€Å"an agreement† Enforceable by law {u/s 2(h)} By analysis of this definition we find that a contract consists of two elements 1) An Agreement 2) Enforceability by law Consent and free consent Consent: Generally speaking, the word consent means agreeing that something should happen. An agreement is valid only when it is the result of the free consent of all the parties to it. Consent means act of assenting to an offer. {S-13} defines consent as two or more person are said to consent when they agree upon the same thing in the same sense. Explanation: Consent therefore, requires unity of the mind. When parties agreed upon the same thing in the same sense, they have consensus ad idem. Consensus ad idem means agreement to this same thing. Real agreement to a contract by the both parties. If there no consent, there is no contract. Free consent Parties’ consenting upon the same thing in the same sense is not sufficient, consent means also be from {S-14} says Consent is said to be so caused when it would not have been given but for the existence of such coercion, undue, fraud or misrepresentation or mistake. {S-19} says a contract is void able at the option of the party whose consent was caused due to coercion, undue influence, fraud or misrepresentation or mistake. For example: A is forced to sign an agreement at the point of pistol. Here, A knows what he is signing but his consent is not free. In the following cases the consent of a person is NOT FREE. B. COERCION {S-15} When a person is compelled to enter into a contract by the use of force by the other party or under a threat, coercion is said to be employed. {S-15} Coercion is- a) The committing or threatening to commit any act forbidden by the Indian Penal Code, 1860 OR b) The unlawful detaining or threatening to detain any property to the prejudice of any person whatever, c) With the intention of causing any person to enter into an agreement. Explanation: It is immaterial whether the Indian Penal Code is or is not in force in the place where the coercion is employed. For example: A threatens to kills B, if he does not lend money C. B agrees to lend money to C. The agreement is entered into by coercion Case: Ranganayakamma vs. Alwar Setti: A Hindu widow was forced to adopt M under threat that her husband’s dead body will not be allowed to be removed by her husband’s relatives. The adoption was held to be voidable as having induced by coercion. It is important to note that coercion may proceed from anybody, even a person who is not a party to the contract. It may be  directed against anybody not necessarily the other contracting party. It includes physical compulsion, fear and even menace to the goods. [S-19]: When consent to an agreement is caused by coercion, fraud or misrepresentation the agreement is a contract voidable at the option of the party whose consent was so caused [S-72]: A person to whom has been paid or anything delivered under coercion or mistake must repay or return it. Case : T.G.M. Asad vs. Coffee Board Held – Coercion in [S-72] of this Act must be understood in the ‘ordinary sense’. It includes every kind of compulsion even if it does not measure upto definition in this section. UNDUE INFLUENCE [S-16] It is wrong pressure put on someone which prevents that person from acting independently .i.e. A party is compelled to enter into an agreement against his own will as a result of unfair persuasion by the other party. This happens when a special kind of relationship exists between the parties that a party is in a position to dominate the will of the other and because of such unfair influence, the other party is compelled to enter into an agreement against his will. This principle applies to very case where: a) The influence is acquired and abused. (b) Where confidence is respond and betrayed. {S-16(1)}: A contract is said to be induced by undue influence where the relation subsisting between the parties is such that one of the parties is in a position to dominate the will of the other and uses that position to obtain an unfair advantage over the other. A person deemed to be in a position to dominate the will of the other- (a) Where he holds real or apparent authority over the other For example: Master and servant. (b)Where he makes a contract with a person whose mental capacity is temporarily or permanently affected: Because of age, illness or mental or bodily distress S-16(2) For example: Doctor and Patient. Effect of undue influence: When the consent to the agreement is caused by undue influence, it is voidable at the option of the part whose consent so caused {S-19A}: Any such contract may be st aside. If the party has received benefit, then, upon such terms and condition as the court may seem just FRAUD (S-17) Misrepresentation of facts may be intentional or unintentional. ‘Intentional mispresentation is ‘fraud’, unintentional or ‘innocent’ representation is called a â€Å"mispresentation†. A statement of fact which one party makes in the course of negotiations with with a view to inducing the other party to enter into a contract is called a â€Å"representation†. According to (S-17) fraud MEANS and INCLUDES any of the following acts committed by a party to the contract or with his connivance, or by his agent with intent to deceive another or to induce a person to enter into the contract. (Connivance: see and ignore.) For example: { S-55} of Transfer of Property Act – the seller of an immovable property is bound to disclose to the buyer all material defects – failure to do so amounts to a fraud. Consequences of Fraud [S. 19]: A contract induced by a fraud is voidable at the option of the party defrauded. If the party does not avoid the contract, it will continue to be valid. The party defrauded has the following remedies: (a). he can rescind the contract within a reasonable time. However, if any innocent third party acquires an interest in the property for value then – he cannot rescind the contract. (Rescind – to cancel, to annul.) (b). he may ask for damages suffered because of non fulfillment of the contract.(Damages compensation). E. MISREPRESENTATION [S.18]: A representation is a statement or assertion made by 1 party to the other, before or at the time of the contract relating to it. If the assertion is untrue and the person making it believes it to be true, it is known as innocent representation. If it is done intentionally, it will be a fraud. For example: A while selling his mare to B, tells him that mare is perfectly sound. A genuinely believes the mare to be sound although he has no sufficient for the belief. Later on B discovers the mare to be unsound. The representation made by A misrepresentation. Definition of misrepresentation [S.18]: Misrepresentation MEANS & INCLUDES a) [S.18(1)] The positive assertion in a manner not warranted by the information of the person making it, of which is not true, though he believes it to be true. (b)S. 18(2)] Any breach of duty, which, without an intent to deceive, gains an advantage to the person committing, it, or anyone claiming under him, by misleading another to his prejudice or to the prejudice of anyone claiming under him. (c)Causing however innocently a party to an agreement to make a mistake as to the substance of the thing which is the subject matter of the agreement [S.18(3)]. Mistake of law: [S.21] A contract is not avoidable (valid) because it was caused by a mistake as to any law in force in India; But a mistake is to any law not in force in India has the same effect as a mistake of fact. (a). Mistake of law of the country (India): ] Where there is mistake of law of India, the contract is binding because everybody is supposed to the knowledge of his own law does not affect the contract. For Example: A and B make a contract on the erroneous belief that a particular debt is barred by the India aw of limitation. This is a VALID CONTRACT because mistake as to law of India does not affect the contract. The reason behind this is that a person is expected to know the law of his own country, and if he does not, he must suffer the consequences of such ignorance of law. (b). mistake of foreign law: (S.21} This is regarded as a question of fact and not of law. Because a person is not bound, in civil law, to know the law of a foreign country. Therefore if a person has entered into contract by making a mistake of law of a foreign country, the contract may e avoided. For example: A and B enter into contract in India based on an erroneous belief that a particular debt is barred by American law of limitation. The contract is void because the mistake is of the law of America i.e. a mistake of fact which makes a contract void {u/s-21}. Mistake of fact: Bilateral Mistake: {S.20} Definition: {S-20} When both parties to an agreement are under a mistake as to a matter of fact essential to the agreement, the agreement is void For this following condition must be fulfilled: 1) The mistake must be mutual: Both the parties should misunderstand each other. For example: A agreed to purchase B’s motor car which was lying in B’s garage. Unknown to both the parties, the car and garage were completely destroyed by a fire a day earlier. The agreement is void. (2). The mistake must relate to a matter of fact essential to the agreement: As to what facts are essential in an agreement will depend upon the nature of the promise in each case. The mistake, moreover, must relate to an existing fact. |||. Opinion: Explanation {S-20}: An erroneous opinion as to the value of at thing which forms the subject matter of an agreement is not be deemed a mistake as to a matter of fact. For example: A buys an article thinking it is worth rs.500,  actually it is worth rs.200. the agreement cannot be avoided on the ground of mistake. (1), physical impossibility: Case: Griffith vs. Brymer(1903) A contract for the hire of a room for witnessing the coronation procession of Edward VII was held to be void, because – unknown to the parties, the procession had already been cancelled. Unilateral mistake:{S-22} If the mistake is on the part of one person only, the contract is valid. When one of the parties to the contract is under a mistake as to the identity, quality or price of the subject matter of the contract. The mistake is unilateral mistake. {S-22} says a contract is not avoidable merely because it was caused by one of the parties to it being under a mistake as to a matter of fact Case: Smith vs. Hughes (1871): H bought oates from S, a sample of which had been shown to H. Erroneously H thought the oaters were old. The oates were however new. Held- H cannot avoid the contract For example: A buy an article thinking its worth rs 1000/- when it is worth ro 50/- A cannot avoid the contract REMDIES FOR MISTAKES [S-65 & 72] [S-65] says where an agreement is discovered to be void, OR where a  contract become void, any persons who has received any advantage under such an agreement OR contract is BOUND TO RESTORE it OR to make COMPENSATION for it to the person, from whom he has received it. FOR Example : A pays B rs. 1000? In consideration of B’s promising to marries to C. C is that at the time of promise. The agreement is void, but B must pay a rs.1000 Performance of contract: When contract need not to be performed a) substitute to new contract: if the parties to the contract agrees to substitute a new contract for it oar rescind alter it the original contract need not to be performed{S-62} b) Dispense the performance: If the promise dispenses with or remits holy or in part, the performance of promise made to him or Extends the time for such performance or accepts satisfaction for it, the contract need not be performed {S-63} (c) Voidable contract : When the void able contract is rescinded the other party need not perform his promise {S-64} Tender/offer of performance: The offer to perform is called the tender. Sometimes it so happens that a party who is bound to perform his promise under the contract is ready and wlling to perform but the other party to the contract does not accept the performance or is not willing to carry out his part of the promise. The rule is given in {S-38} Where a promisor has made an offer of performance to the promise, and the offer has not been accepted, the promise is not responsible for non performance, nor does he thereby lose his rights under a contract. Effect of refusal to perform: {S-39} When a party to a contract has refused to performed or disabled himself from performing the promise . The promise may put an end to the contract , unless he has shown his willingness to continue the contract by word or conduct.

Customer Service An Organization Essay - 958 Words

Customer service is the by-product of an organization’s desire to satisfy its clientele. It is the way by which goods or services are delivered from to the customer in each phase of a transaction. Those providing customer service represent the organization and its values. If there are procedural issues within the organization, it will be reflected in the way in which customer service is perceived. Customer service is integral to an organization’s success, considering even one negative interaction may be enough to lose a client. According to American Express (2011), seventy-eight percent of customers have turned away from a sale due to poor customer service (Service Can Make or Break Brands, para. 5) Poor Customer Service Practices Hiring employees who lack basic customer service skills is the origin of bad service. Solomon (2014) explains that unfortunately, not everyone is cut out to work directly with customers. 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