Animal Rights (Tom Regan etc) free essay sample

Basic entitlements is an exceptionally disputable issue with a wide range of gatherings of individuals with varying feelings that need their voices on this issue heard. A considerable lot of these gatherings accept that creatures have inborn esteem and merit rights, and most of individuals accept this also, however precisely which rights do they merit. It is just fine to state you are a supporter for basic entitlements, anyway the main problem here is actually what rights would they say they are qualified for? I will assess Tom Regans perspective on basic entitlements that he sets out in The Case for Animal Rights (1992), in which he requires a conclusion to the utilization of creatures in logical investigations and business horticulture, and sets out what he accepts creatures are qualified for. I will likewise be looking at contradicting contentions from Carl Cohen (1986), who is especially on the furthest edge of the range, and accepts that creatures merit no rights at all. In â€Å"The Case for Animal Rights† (1992) Regan contends that all creatures of awareness have what he calls inalienable worth, which is an incentive to themselves over the estimation of their convenience to other people. He utilizes the case of the virtuoso and the impeded youngster. The estimation of the value to society contrasts drastically in these two people, yet that doesn't imply that the life of one is of more noteworthy incentive than the other. You couldn't ethically slaughter the impeded kid so as to spare the virtuoso, as this ethical hypothesis doesn't take into consideration that to occur. All creatures of cognizance have equivalent innate esteem and all have an equivalent option to be treated with deference and to not be treated in a manner that debases them to just a thing an asset for others to utilize. This is the thing that Regan calls the rights see. It precludes all fairness from claiming racial, sexual or social segregation, and contradicts the view that whatever it takes to get the job done, so be it you can't legitimize fiendish methods, that abuse a people rights, basically by accomplishing great outcomes. In the event that this ethical hypothesis censures all utilization of prejudice, sexism and some other type of segregation at that point, obviously, it will likewise denounce speciesism separation dependent on species. Regan doesn't just restrict battery hen cultivating, the states of veal cultivating, the little enclosures utilized for creatures in clinical and corrective testing and the traditionalist utilization of sedatives on creatures being utilized for harmfulness trial of beautifying agents, he contradicts the whole convention and way we take a gander at creatures in general. The rights see that Regan holds is abolitionist towards creature testing, for Lab creatures are not our testers; we are not their rulers. (Regan 1992) These creatures are continually decreased to their helpfulness to other people, as they are viewed as a sustainable asset for us to have our way with and, without the way to question, there is no motivation to stop. There is no idea at all to their inalienable worth and the way that their day to day environments and whether they live beyond words imperative to them. The reality it is imperative to them implies something, as indicated by the rights see. This takes us back to the virtuoso and the impeded kid model. On the off chance that we decreased those two down to their handiness to others we would experience no difficulty executing off the impeded kid so as to recover data that could spare the virtuoso life. The issue isn't numerous ethical creatures would have the option to do that. The way that they can do it to creatures is unmitigated speciesism, which should be as terrible as prejudice and different types of separation. An animal’s characteristic worth ought to be critical to us since it is essential to them. In the event that we dont regard that, at that point, according to the rights see, we are as awful as bigot crowds lynching an African-American because of the shade of his skin. Regan proposes that the explanation creatures are seen to have less worth stems from the reality they come up short on our degree of self-governance, reason or keenness. They cannot have a similar degree of characteristic incentive as people accomplish for those are a portion of the properties that make us esteem human life all in all. This form of the rights see is considerably more unmerited than saying they have no rights by any means, since we arent arranged to make a similar approach people who additionally need ordinary degrees of keenness, reason and independence. In all actuality those insufficient people, that come up short on those ascribes to a certain extent, don't hold less an incentive than all of us. Their life is still as critical to them as our life is to us and we can't legitimize saying this isn't the situation. All creatures who have intrinsic worth have it similarly and have the right to be treated as if their inalienable worth methods something for, as indicated by the rights see that I am clarifying and assessing, this is for sure the case. There are, obviously, promoters of varying perspectives and scholar Carl Cohen is one of these supporters. Carl Cohen accepts there are two classes that characterize a life form as a human. These classifications relate to a being’s cogniscience as a legitimate individual and an ethical individual. There are two sorts of legitimate people: characteristic and fake. Characteristic legitimate people allude to you and me any human on the planet is a characteristic lawful individual. A fake legitimate individual is an assortment of men/lady who according to the law are viewed as one for example A company is viewed as one lawful element. Both these sorts of legitimate people have lawful obligations to maintain the rule that everyone must follow and are answerable for their own activities. They are additionally given rights with these duties and go under legitimate security. Creatures arent seen to have any lawful obligations and, without any duties, there can be no rights. In that capacity, they can't go under legitimate insurance, successfully banishing them from being delegated a lawful individual, characteristic or fake. An ethical individual is a lot of the equivalent. They have moral duties to pay special mind to their locale, and others around them, and furthermore have the acumen and motivation to settle on self-ruling choices and to protest things they accept are corrupt. In concurring with and trying these obligations, they create moral rights to have their choices, sentiments and worth maintained by the networks they are ethically liable for. Creatures come up short on these properties, for example, the capacity to see good and bad in their activities, and to have the option to perceive their commitments and settle on an ethical choice dependent on their duties. Cohen himself unequivocally states so when he says â€Å"Rights emerge, and can be coherently protected, just among creatures who really do, or can, make moral cases against one another.† (1986) People might be dependent upon experimentation with their assent a decision they openly made and we, as good people, must regard, as they settled on the decision as an ethical individual. A creature can't do this. It is outlandish for a creature to give assent or retain assent and similarly as unimaginable for it to settle on an ethical choice dependent on moral commitment and feeling of good and bad. It is in this manner difficult to consider them an ethical individual. Much like the lawful people grouping, they are banned from every ethical right when they can't understand moral commitment, and realizing what is good and bad. Regan reacts to Cohen’s examination with an allegation of speciesism. Neglecting to ensure the privileges of creatures because of their absence of good traits is actually similar to censuring an impeded youngster for the nonattendance of this equivalent limit. Utilizing Cohen’s rationale, on the grounds that the hindered youngster needs sympathy and a feeling of good commitment, they merit no ethical rights by any stretch of the imagination. In reality, be that as it may, this is an incredible inverse. They are, truth be told, given more security therefore. Society offers types of assistance and offices for them to live with completely utilitarian individuals, so they may live in a satisfying way. It is ethically off-base, in present day society’s eyes, to victimize them because of their decreased mind work. Thus, I see Cohens contentions to be, old-fashioned, yet not in accordance with accepted way of thinking of 21st century society. It was distributed six years preceding Regans the Case for Animal Rights and, regardless of the way that it doesnt appear to be quite a while, society’s sees on basic entitlements have changed radically since 1986. The basic entitlements development is not, at this point considered as just the perspectives on â€Å"hippies† who ought not be paid attention to. This development has earned a ton of help from the standard of society, and numerous researchers and legal counselors have gotten behind it. Regan was one of the key factors in bringing the basic entitlements issue into the scholastic spotlight, and it has in this manner thrived in the educational program of numerous scholarly organizations, and has the help of senior legitimate researchers of Harvard Law Alan Dershowitz and Laurence Tribe. 92 out of 180 graduate schools in the US have now received the issue, and even have explicit basic entitlements courses included as necessary course prerequisites. The most eager adopters among the scholastic world are the savants, for it carries numerous profound inquiries to the surface and causes in us an acknowledgment of how brutal society can be, and how fraudulent we can be in our allotting of characteristic worth. Society has demonstrated to be inclined to bias and separation. As confirm by the social equality development of 1960s America, it can take many years to accomplish a condition of balance. Regan’s rights perspective on â€Å"inherent value†, when seen with regards to social equality, has been appeared to have huge incentive to all parts of society, not just the individuals who are the survivors of bias. Society specifically applies this rights view to suit themselves. Interestingly, Cohen’s rights perspective on doling out worth dependent on complying with preset classifications of legitimate and good personhood, appears to never again be pertinent to 21st century society’s convictions. Regan himself tends to this view and attracts correlations with how society treats people of decrease

Marvel Free Essays

string(255) bonds as insurance are esteemed generally lower now than they were the point at which the bonds were first given , which bring about t hello can just recuperate a small amount of the presumptive worth of their securities as value now and an earning back the original investment again appears questionable. Chapter 11 and Restructuring at Marvel Entertainment Group Chen Ziqiang Wu Libin Lin Yingshuai Deng Linli Lim Yihao 2011/11/29 1. For what reason did Marvel record for Chapter 11? Were the proble ms brought about by misfortune, terrible procedure, or awful execution? We feel that Marvel petitioned for Chapter 11 fundamentally because of its terrible business system. Three o f its six b usiness lines, Trading cards, Stickers and Comic Books began confronting the decrease in deals after year 1993. We will compose a custom paper test on Wonder or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now There were two fundamental purposes behind this decrease: F irst, these organizations progressively needed to contend with a lternative types of kid amusement (for the most part computer games). Second, the decrease in deals was driven by disillusioned authorities who had seen comic books as a type of speculation and quit getting them as organization quit expanding the costs. We accept that the organization ought to have predicted these occasions while playing out a statistical surveying and shaping a drawn out business and monetary system. The three unpromising business lines accounted to 61% of absolute incomes of an organization in year 1995. Simultaneously, the company’s monetary system depended on exceptionally hopeful business desires and was not reasonable for negative turn of interest for amusement items towards computer games. Because of its high influence (52%), the organization couldn't serve all the obligation if there should arise an occurrence of forcefully declining incomes. Clearly the organization didn't foresee the cha nge in customers’ inclinations and wasn't right in forecast of market patterns, concentrating on cards, stickers and distributing business lines and utilizing itself. In addition, in 1995 Marvin proceeded with its utilized venture into amusement cards b usiness †getting Skybox. This choice was amazingly unwise, as the organization was at that point on the limit of budgetary misery and ought to have looked for high development pportunities to extend so as to help its incomes as opposed to adding obligation to purchase business whic h produces non-requested items. Working proportions Marvel Entertainment Group 1991 1992 1993 Sales 115. 1 223. 8 415. 2 Cost of Sales 58. 2 112. 6 215. 3 Cost of deals/Sales 50. 6% 50. 3% 51. 9% SGA 21. 4 43. 4 85. 3 SGA/Sales 18. 6% 19. 4% 20 . 5% Net Income 16. 1 32. 6 56 Net Income/Sales 14. 0% 14. 6% 13. 5% 1994 514. 8 275. 3 53. 5% 119. 7 23. 3% 61. 8 12. 0% 1995 823. 9 383. 3 46. 2% 231. 3 27. 9% †48. 4 †5. 8% 1996 581. 2 372. 4 61. 4% 168 28. 9% †27. 9 †4. 8% As can be found in the table above, Marvels working proportions dropped drastically. The expense of Sales/Sales rose from 51% in 1991 to 62% in 1996, along with the SGA costs/Sales ascending from 19% to 29%. Also Marvels Net Income/Sales dropped from 14% to †5%. Influence proportions Marvel Entertainment Group 1991 1992 1993 Total Debt 355,3 324,7 Shares remarkable 97,7 98,6 102,6 Share value 5 12 26 Market estimation of value 488,5 1183,2 2667,6 Debt/D+E 23,1% 10,9% EBITDA 35,5 67,8 114,6 EBITDA/SALES 30,8% 30,3% 27,6% Interest costs 3,50 6,50 14,60 EBITDA/Interest 10,1 10,4 7,8 1994 585,7 103,7 16 1659,2 6,1% 119,8 23,3% 16,50 7,3 1995 934,8 101,3 12 1215,6 43,5% 214,7 25,9% 43,20 5,0 1996 977 101,8 4 407,2 70,6% 40,8 7,0% 42,70 1,0 Compare the administration approach and the influence proportions from that time along with its working proportions, we trust Marvel made an incredibly impudent move to gain Skybox in 1995. While their working edges where breaking down and their in fluence inclusion proportion (EBITDA/Interest) where falling, they ought to have procured an alternate arrangement. For all above expressed reasons, we accept that the company’s money related issues were caused predominantly by terrible methodology and poor administration. . Assess the proposed rebuilding plan. Will it unravel the proble ms that made Marvel record Chapter 11? As Carl Icahn, the biggest uncollateralized debt holder, OK vote in favor of the proposed rebuilding plan? Why or why not? A. ) We accept that the rebuilding plan can just take care of part of the issues that Marvel is confronting. We likewise accept that the proposed rebuilding plan won't tackle the genuine issues that Marvel is confronting yet just give impermanent help to the organization that isn't feasible. The proposed rebuilding plan targets giving liquidity to Marvel, lifting its obligation trouble and extending its current toy business. This is to be accomplished by methods for a recapitalization of the organization through a discharge of 427mn extra portions of basic value fo r a complete estimation of USD 365mn. Furthermore, the remarkable open obligation of the organization will be resigned with obligation holders being paid in the offers that went about as guarantee for their advances. With the returns of the emanation and the brought down obligation trouble, Marvel is then expected to obtain the rest of the stake in ToyBiz, its toy maker auxiliary. The recapitalization through the issue of 427mn new offers would tackle the intense liquidity issues of the firm and the retirement of the firm’s open d ebt would bring down the obligation weight of the firm altogether. Nonetheless, we accept that Marvel, under the proposed arrangement, would utilize its recently picked up liquidity and adaptability to an inappropriate end. The securing of the rest of the portions of ToyBiz would mean the continuation of an effectively disastrous system that prompted the present emergency. We in this way accept the rebuilding plan can just take care of part of the issues that Marvel is confronting. All the more unequivocally, the arrangement offers an answer for the side effects of the hidden issues in particular. It takes care of the liquidity issue that made Marvel abuse a portion of its obligation contracts and it likewise brings down the company’s obligation trouble. The center issue in our view, the business system of Marvel, isn't surrendered however even sought after further. B. ) I would not you vote in favor of the proposed rebuilding plan. The offers being p ledged to their bonds as insurance are esteemed generally lower now than they were the point at which the bonds were first given , which bring about t hello can just recoup a small amount of the presumptive worth of their bonds as value now and an equaling the initial investment again appears to be faulty. You read Wonder in class Article models This contention doesn't really hold for the financial specialists who purchased the profoundly limited bonds yet given the valuat particle of Bear Stearns it is faulty whether they will recoup their venture either. 3. What amount is Marvel’s value worth per share under the proposed rebuilding plan expecting it procures Toy Biz as arranged? What is your appraisal of the star forma Financial projections and liquidation suppositions? Marvel’s current market value that is 2 dollars before limiting arrangement expecting it obtains Toy Biz as arranged. Table 1: Debt/Equity Ratio With the plan to compute Marvel’s value with the proposed a cquisition of Toy Biz we utilized DCF model. As Debt/Equity proportions are steady (table 1), FCFE is utilized to ascertain the income with the accompanying presumptions. Table 2: Assumptions Assume: Discount Rate is equivalent to average Annual Return on Investments in Stocks from 1997 to 2001. *Annual Returns information is from histretSP. xls (http://pages. tern. nyu. edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/Inv2ed. htm) Table 3: FCFE 401. 7million/528. 8 million = 0. 76 Dollars for every offer. It shows that Mr. Perelman pays 13. 3% premium for new offers (he pays 0. 85 dollars for each offer). M arvel’s liquidation esteem Table 4: Marvel’s liquidation esteem The liquidati on esteem is 424. 7million by means of Chapter 7. 4. Will it be hard for Marvel or different organizations in the MacAndrews and Forbes holding organization to give obligation later on? The remarkable obligation of Marvel has been minimized by two rating organizations. In 1995 S and Moody’s minimized the holding companies’ obligation from B to B-. In 1996 Moody’s downsized Marvel’s open obligation. From that point onward, Marvel had declared that it would abuse explicit bank advance pledges because of diminishing incomes and benefits. Minimizing of obligation builds the difference in default. In the wake of minimizing of obligation, the procedure of likelihood to default expanded significantly. The low FICO assessment demonstrates a high danger of defaulting on an advance and, thus prompts high financing costs or the refusal of an advance by the loan boss. Speculators understand this hazard and in this way would request a higher default premium. The expanded default pre miums raised the expense of capital for the holding organization. Given the expanded hazard premium and default prospects, Marvel and different organizations in the MacAndrews and Forbes holding gathering would having more challenges giving new obligation later on. Obligation holders and loan bosses where bringing up issues about the uprightness on the judgment choices from Perelman. Judge Balick endorsed Marvel didn't segregate unreasonably against non-influencing bank classes and gave it was reasonable and impartial to all classes. In response, an attorney tested the Bearn Stern’s ends and hinted Bearn Sterns had different degrees of contentions because of the possibility charge gave by Perelman. At long last even the Vice †Chairman of the Andrew bunch needed to accompany an announcement to beat all the negative sounds in the market. At any rate it would appear that Perelman’s notoriety was harmed as of now. 5. For what reason did the cost of Marvel’s zero-coupon bonds drop on Tuesday, Nov 12, 1996? For what reason did portfolio supervisors at Fidelity and Putnam sell their bonds on Friday, Nov 8,1996? On Nov 12, 1996, Marvel’s zero-coupon bonds fell by over half when the representative for the Andrews Group

Fall 2012 Admission Notes COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Fall 2012 Admission Notes COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog If you are a prospective student you might have noticed a trend in the blog posts over the past few months.   For the most part blog posts in the late spring and summer are directed at those that have applied and received admission to the program.   Much of the blog content will still be geared in this direction throughout the summer, however information regarding the application process is going to start becoming more prevalent, especially near the end of the summer. There never is really a slow time in our office, we are always busy and much of the summer is spent preparing for the next admission season.   The summer tasks we are engaged in include making updates to our application, getting our computer systems set up, and planning our recruitment schedule.   Here are just a few notes on the application process for fall 2012 admission. First, SIPA no longer offers spring admission.   If you are interested in applying to SIPA you must submit an application for fall consideration.   The application deadline for fall admission will be January 5th, 2012 and the application will open on September 1st, 2011. Spring admission involved some complications that did not result in the most satisfying student experience so the Admissions Committee made the decision to do away with spring admission. Second, I will be posting announcements regarding the application over the summer.   For example, the Admissions Committee is discussing changes to the personal statement questions and when we have decided on what questions to ask, I will post an update on the blog. Third, representatives of SIPA will be engaging in both domestic and international travel in the fall.   When the travel schedule firms up I will post updates here as well. Fourth, when summer wraps up and students return from their internships, we will feature a number of entries written by students that should provide great insight into the professional development aspect of SIPA. All this and more will be sprinkled in over the summer and early fall so stay tuned.   On a final note and as mentioned above, we hope to have our new application live on September 1st.   If you wish to get an idea of the requirements, click here for a recap of the process last year.   We will be changing a few things but for the most part the process will remain similar.

Relationship Between a Countrys Economic Growth and Its...

Economic growth is the increase in the capacity of a country’s economy to produce goods and services. As a means of development and urbanisation, and a reflection of wealth and the living standard in a nation, it remains a key focus of most governments. In this course of action, water bodies may be polluted and contaminated due to waste (e.g. sewage and chemical waste) generated from different sectors of the economy. However, water pollution is not inevitable despite a country’s focus on economic growth, and in fact can be mitigated and controlled. A prominent example would be that of Singapore. Singapore is a highly developed market economy, with the 3rd highest GDP/capita in the world of $51,709.45 USD (2012). It has been†¦show more content†¦Industrial wastewater is to be treated to specified standards regulated by the the Environmental Protection and Management (Trade Effluent) Regulations before being discharged into a sewer or watercourse. Furthermore, t o ensure that these standards are met, industries which generate large quantities of acidic effluent, such as the aforementioned photochemical industries, are required to install devices to monitor the acidity of discharge into public sewers. The PUB has also installed a system to monitor the amount of chemicals in the sewers. Laws have been enacted such that offenders who do not meet such requirements and cause water pollution via improper disposal of untreated wastewater will be fined and jailed for up to 3 months, acting as an effective deterrent. Therefore, it is evident that water pollution is not an inevitable result of economic growth (caused by the chemical industry), as demonstrated in the example of Singapore, and through proper management and treatment of waste products, the fate of water pollution can in fact be controlled. With economic growth comes an increased quality of life including one’s living environment etc. This brings about greater access to products a nd facilities which will culminate in an increased consumption of goods and ultimately, a larger percentage of domestic waste. 6.5Show MoreRelatedReview Of Related Literature Involving The Robustness Of The Environmental Kuznets Curve1080 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental Kuznets Curve. This economic theory discusses the relationship turning point of environmental degradation with respect to economic growth. The hypothesis was introduced by Grossman and Kreuger who developed a reduced-form approach to embody the linear correlation of economic growth to environmental quality. Further studies have tested and enhanced this theory by tweaking either or both sides of the equation. 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We have been asked to focus on the fact that Logistics Plus is closely tied to GE’s business and that they are known to piggy-back onto where GE establishes business around the world. Logistics Plus also tries to get involved in the same industries that GE is involvedRead MoreTaiwan s Business Environment As Related Risk Factors Essay1713 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment, including economic/financial, environmental and, most importantly, political risks. Economic/Financial Risk The main economic risk relates to the Chinese economic growth falling in 2015. Growth is expected to increase in 2016, but economic activity will continue to be inhibited. The US economy’s recovery after the recession in 2008 should help to mitigate the effects of a weaker demand in China. Personal disposable income is expected to be the main economic activity driver, thought

Online Upload - 743 Words

Health Care Insurance The hospital honors major third-party coverage such as Medicare, Medicaid, Workers Compensation and other public assistance. Your third-party coverage may require prior approval of your hospitalization. Failure to obtain prior approval may result in reduced benefits requiring additional uninsured or personal charges. The admitting office can assist you in obtaining prior approval for your hospitalization. We accept commercial insurance and we participate in most managed care plans. Please provide Registration with all information necessary to bill your insurer, including your subscriber name, number and effective date. Under Medicare law, health care services that can be paid for by Medicare are subject to review†¦show more content†¦* Have you returned books borrowed from the library cart? * Have you provided all the financial information needed to assure proper payment of your bill? Holistic Healing Healing comes in a variety of ways at Jewish Hospital. Beyond the hands of physicians, patients receive healing in the form of art, which is made possible by the hospital’s Holistic Healing Committee. The C.A.R.E. Channel and an artistry gift program, â€Å"Healing Through Art,† are two patient-focused initiatives at The Jewish Hospital. To offer relief from commercial television, noise and other stressful distractions, the C.A.R.E. channel combines nature images and appropriate, uninterrupted music as an environmental tool to enhance and promote healing. The images are produced slowly to be effective for confined patients and to avoid being distracting or confusing for those on high levels of medication. Paced for time of day and night, the programming provides a peaceful starfield for overnight broadcast. The music selection is non-generational, non-regionally-biased and non-commercial and the programming is no additional charge to patients. 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Importance of ICT in education ICT has become essential in education as it contributes to the achievement of a student’s education in many ways. 1. Increases source of knowledge ICT allows students to access to information online shared by people all around the world, this allow them to get a better understanding. Also, allows students to researchRead MoreAdvertising, Refund Problem And All Other Problem Of Online Shopping961 Words   |  4 PagesNowadays people try to shop online more than before. If people have no car don’t have the energy to tackle an overcrowded, some of items are too heavy. People all worries answer could be the online shopping. Online shopping means the service provider or seller and the customer contract each other without simultaneous, actual and physical presence. Online shopping has become increasing day by day especially in holidays. 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(Wahba,2016) This online store offers consumers to shop online without the hassle of having to go into a store that is unfamiliar and uncomfortable to them. (Leob,ND) The online store will attract more customers and expand the WalmartRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed The World Of Retailing1487 Words   |  6 Pagesaffecting the retailing industry is the increase in the number of people who prefer shopping for apparel on the Internet from the comfort of their home rather than a tradition brick and mortar store. Emerging technology such as mobile applications and online platforms are changing the way retailers do business. One other mobile trend is the creation of mobile point-of-sale applications to make it easier for consumers to buy apparels. Furthermore, another trend would be the usage of customer data by retailers

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Lead and Influence for Business and Economic - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLead and Influence for Business and Economic Horizons. Answer: I was the Human Resource Manager at JoyPond Distributors between May 2016 and March 2017. JoyPond Distributors was one of the leading wine distributors in the country. However, in the middle of 2016, the company had encountered great losses due to high competition, which had made few investors pull out of the company. Most workers were also resigning due to delayed payments, and as a result, a vacancy came up for the position of sales manager after the one who held the position left without notice. As the H.R I had a duty to call interested applicants for interviews and select the most suitable candidate to fill in the position. This responsibility was challenged when a colleague approached me saying that he already had an interested person who was ready to pay a considerable amount of money to bring in someone to fill in the position directly without an interview. This money would be enough to help sustain the company during the tough times. It sounded like a great deal, and as much as I wanted to help the company, I was torn between agreeing with the idea and following the protocol as required. I was devoted to my work, and I did not want to compromise my work ethics and integrity. According to Coleman and MacNicol (2015), integrity in leadership refers to being honest and having ethical behavior which is characteristic of people who can be trusted. Trustworthiness is a major factor in business success, and so the company trusted me to make the right decision. If the proposed person got direct entry to the company and offered incompetent services, then a solution would not have been met. The money provided would only assist for some time, on the other hand, one who goes through the protocol may be able to bring in not only different but also efficient and long-term solutions to the companys problems due to the compelling interview and background check that I would do. Transformational leadership takes place when a leader and followers make each other progress to higher levels of morality and motivation. I wondered whether my decision would promote this leadership style or not (Riaz Haider, 2010). The stakeholders would be affected by this ruling because they need to see a competent person who would contribute positively to the companys growth. The increase of the company would mean getting profits, and this would result in growth in the stakeholders interest. Before making a final decision I had to think and plan and be ready to take responsibility for my actions, just as Duly Wash (2010), says, this was not going to be easy, neither was I going to accomplish it overnight. According to Yulk (2010), one of the tips for a transformational leader was the ability to express confidence, decisiveness and be optimistic about the vision they have, and focus on its implementation. There are several theories in existence about leadership, and their relevance depends on the context in which the method is applied. This paper is going to use two of these theories to analyze the case in part I, these are; Trait theory and behavior theory. Trait theory had the opinion that leaders possessed physical traits that- leaders did not have. It, however, ignored the ideas of whether the traits were genetic or could be acquired. Having these traits would make it easy to select those who possessed them to be selected and ranked into positions of leadership. According to Zaccaro (2007), some of these traits included; adaptable to the situation, ambitious, decisive, assertive, energetic and cooperative among others (Goodpasture, 2010). This theory had a shortcoming in that; the characters presented were too many making it difficult to identify consistent traits. Behavior theory, on the other hand, recognizes the importance of certain necessary leadership skills that help a leader to act, while of the opinion that every individual has a unique style of leadership which he or she feels most satisfied (Yukl, 2010). This theory concentrates more on what leaders do rather than their qualities. These behavior patterns are categorized as styles of leadership. This theory was brought about by the difficulty in measuring traits such as; honesty, loyalty, and integrity. Focusing on the trait theory, I would say the protagonist who in this case was then H.R, performed well as a leader because he was able to adapt to the situation at hand, which was the need to fill in the vacant position. He also stands out as a leader because he knew he had to decide whether to conduct an interview or give a direct entry to the individual who was to offer money. This leader, however, is unable to settle on a decision and therefore fails to be decisive and according to this theory he would fail and would not be seen as a leader. The H.R stood out as a leader following the behavioral theory because he upheld high integrity in his work; he knew he had to support ethical behavior so that the company could trust him in making the right decisions (Winkler, 2010). In the protagonists case, not only does he want to choose wisely, but also wants to uphold values which guide his behavior and controls his actions. He also appreciates his work and always wants to support integr ity in his decisions. The H.R would stand out as a great leader if the behavioral theory is applied to vet him. Since the company was in a crisis, the H.R needs to make sure those who come in are competent and qualified; this would help bring in external solutions which may end up saving the company from the crisis and bring forth high-performance achievements (Pandya, 2014). Leadership involves transparency, with the H.R being transparent enough to refuse the money offer, this would place the company on high levels of fitting the social needs which would earn the company great respect. With a trustworthy employee, Stakeholders would be assured of the longevity of the company and purport to increase their shares thus stabilizing the business as Maslow considers humans to be energized by an actualizing manner and believe that well-being takes place to the extent people can freely express their inherent potentials. From the case, it is evident that the external environment which mostly affected the protagonist is competition. Competitive advantages needed to be taken to help the protagonist and the stakeholders fight their losses. The internal factor that stands out is the companys culture of the organization, and this is what has made the H.R responsible for hiring people into the company since his job description states so. If not for the organizations' culture the protagonist would not be in this situation (Northouse, 2016). Bibliography list Coleman, S. MacNicol, D., 2015,Project Leadership, Gower Publishing, Ltd: Farnham, Surrey, UK Burlington, VT. Goodpasture, J., 2010, Project Management the Agile Way: Making it Work in the Enterprise,J. Ross Publishing, Ft. Lauderdale, FL. Northouse,P. G., 2016, Leadership: Theory and practice, (7th Ed). SAGE Publications: Los Angeles, CA. Pandya, K. D., 2014, The Key Competencies of Project Leader beyond the Essential Technical Capabilities, IUP Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 39-48. Riaz, A. Haider, M. H., 2010, Role of transformational and transactional leadership on job satisfaction and career satisfaction, Business and Economic Horizons, Vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 29-38. Winkler, I., 2010,Contemporary Leadership Theories: Enhancing the Understanding of the Complexity, Subjectivity and Dynamic of Leadership, Physica-Verlag: Heidelberg. Yukl, G., 2010, Leadership in organizations. (7th Ed.). Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ. Zaccaro, S., 2007, Trait-Based Perspectives of Leadership, American Psychologist, Vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 6-16.